Products
Modules
Customized module are available to meet the special demands of customers, and are in compliance with the relevant industrial standards and test conditions. During the sales process, our salespersons will inform customers of the basic information of the ordered modules, including mode of installation, conditions of use, and the difference between conventional and customized modules. Similarly, agents will also inform their downstream customers of the details about the customized modules.
We offer black or silver frames of modules to meet customers' requests and the application of the modules. We recommend attractive black-frame modules for rooftops and building curtain walls. Neither black nor silver frames affect the energy yield of the module.
Perforation and welding are not recommended as they may damage the overall structure of the module, to further result in a degradation in mechanical loading capacity during the subsequent services, which may lead to invisible cracks in modules and therefore affect the energy yield.
The energy yield of module depends on three factors: solar radiation (H--peak hours), module nameplate power rating (watts) and system efficiency of system (Pr) (generally taken at about 80%), where the overall energy yield is the product of these three factors; energy yield = H x W x Pr. The installed capacity is caculated by multiplying the nameplate power rating of a single module by the total number of modules in the system. For example, for 10 285 W modules installed, the installed capacity is 285 x 10 = 2,850 W.
Energy yield improvement achieved by bifacial PV modules compared to conventional modules depends on ground reflectance, or albedo; the height and azimuth of the tracker or other racking installed; and the ratio of direct light to scattered light in the region (blue or gray days). Given these factors, the amount of improvement should be assessed based on the actual conditions of the PV power plant. Bifacial energy yield improvements range from 5--20%.
Toenergy modules have been rigorously tested and are able to withstand typhoon wind speeds up to Grade 12. The modules also have a waterproof grade of IP68, and can effectively withstand hail of at least 25 mm in size.
Monofacial modules have a 25-year warranty for efficient power generation, while bifacial module performance is guaranteed for 30 years.
Bifacial modules are slightly more expensive than monofacial modules, but can generate more power under the right conditions. When the rear side of the module is not blocked, the light received by the rear side of the bifacial module can significantly improve energy yield. In addition, the glass-glass encapsulation structure of the bifacial module has better resistance to environmental erosion by water vapor, salt-air fog, etc. Monofacial modules are more suitable for installations in mountainous regions and distributed generation rooftop applications.
Technical Consulting
Electrical Properties
The electrical performance parameters of photovoltaic modules include open circuit voltage (Voc), transfer current (Isc), operating voltage (Um), operating current (Im) and maximum output power (Pm).
1) When U=0 when the positive and negative stages of the component are short-circuited, the current at this time is the short-circuit current. When the positive and negative terminals of the component are not connected to the load, the voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the component is the open circuit voltage.
2) The maximum output power depends on the sun's irradiance, spectral distribution, gradually working temperature and load size, generally tested under STC standard conditions (STC refers to AM1.5 spectrum, incident radiation intensity is 1000W/m2, component temperature at 25°C)
3) The working voltage is the voltage corresponding to the maximum power point, and the working current is the current corresponding to the maximum power point.
The open circuit voltage of different types of photovoltaic modules is different, which is related to the number of cells in the module and the connection method, which is about 30V~60V. The components do not have individual electrical switches, and the voltage is generated in the presence of light. The open circuit voltage of different types of photovoltaic modules is different, which is related to the number of cells in the module and the connection method, which is about 30V~60V. The components do not have individual electrical switches, and the voltage is generated in the presence of light.
The inside of the photovoltaic module is a semiconductor device, and the positive/negative voltage to the ground is not a stable value. Direct measurement will show a floating voltage and rapidly decay to 0, which has no practical reference value. It is recommended to measure the open circuit voltage between the positive and negative terminals of the module under outdoor lighting conditions.
The current and voltage of solar power plants are related to temperature, light, etc. Since the temperature and light always change, the voltage and current will fluctuate (high temperature and low voltage, high temperature and high current; good light, high current and voltage); the work of components The temperature is -40°C-85°C, so temperature changes will not affect the power generation of the power station.
The open circuit voltage of the module is measured under the condition of STC (1000W/㎡irradiance, 25°C). Due to the irradiation conditions, temperature conditions, and the accuracy of the test instrument during the self-test, the open circuit voltage and the nameplate voltage will be caused. There is a deviation in comparison; (2) The normal open circuit voltage temperature coefficient is about -0.3(-)-0.35%/℃, so the test deviation is related to the difference between the temperature and 25℃ at the time of the test, and the open circuit voltage caused by irradiance The difference will not exceed 10%. Therefore, generally speaking, the deviation between the on-site detection open circuit voltage and the actual nameplate range should be calculated according to the actual measurement environment, but generally it will not exceed 15%.
Classify the components according to the rated current, and mark and distinguish them on the components.
Generally, the inverter corresponding to the power segment is configured according to the requirements of the system. The power of the selected inverter should match the maximum power of the photovoltaic cell array. Generally, the rated output power of the photovoltaic inverter is selected to be similar to the total input power, so that save costs.
For photovoltaic system design, the first step, and a very critical step, is to analyze the solar energy resources and related meteorological data at the location where the project is installed and used. Meteorological data, such as local solar radiation, precipitation, and wind speed, are key data for designing the system. At present, the meteorological data of any location in the world can be queried for free from NASA's National Aeronautics and Space Administration weather database.
Modules Principle
1. Summer is the season when household electricity consumption is relatively large. Installing household photovoltaic power plants can save electricity costs.
2. Installing photovoltaic power plants for household use can enjoy state subsidies, and can also sell excess electricity to the grid, so as to obtain sunlight benefits, which can serve multiple purposes.
3. The photovoltaic power station laid on the roof has a certain heat insulation effect, which can reduce the indoor temperature by 3-5 degrees. While the building temperature is regulated, it can significantly reduce the energy consumption of the air conditioner.
4. The main factor affecting photovoltaic power generation is sunlight. In summer, the days are long and the nights are short, and the working hours of the power station are longer than usual, so the power generation will naturally increase.
As long as there is light, the modules will generate voltage, and the photo-generated current is proportional to the light intensity. The components will also work under low light conditions, but the output power will become smaller. Due to the weak light at night, the power generated by the modules is not enough to drive the inverter to work, so the modules generally do not generate electricity. However, under extreme conditions such as strong moonlight, the photovoltaic system may still have very low power.
Photovoltaic modules are mainly composed of cells, film, backplane, glass, frame, junction box, ribbon, silica gel and other materials. The battery sheet is the core material for power generation; the rest of the materials provide packaging protection, support, bonding, weather resistance and other functions.
The difference between monocrystalline modules and polycrystalline modules is that the cells are different. Monocrystalline cells and polycrystalline cells have the same working principle but different manufacturing processes. The appearance is also different. The monocrystalline battery has arc chamfering, and the polycrystalline battery is a complete rectangle.
Only the front side of a monofacial module can generate electricity, and both sides of a bifacial module can generate electricity.
There is a layer of coating film on the surface of the battery sheet, and the process fluctuations in the processing process lead to differences in the thickness of the film layer, which makes the appearance of the battery sheet vary from blue to black. Cells are sorted during the module production process to ensure that the color of the cells inside the same module is consistent, but there will be color differences between different modules. The difference in color is only the difference in the appearance of the components, and has no effect on the power generation performance of the components.
The electricity generated by photovoltaic modules belongs to direct current, and the surrounding electromagnetic field is relatively stable, and does not emit electromagnetic waves, so it will not generate electromagnetic radiation.
Modules Operation and Maintenance
Photovoltaic modules on the roof need to be cleaned regularly.
1. Regularly check the cleanliness of the component surface (once a month), and regularly clean it with clean water. When cleaning, pay attention to the cleanliness of the component surface, so as to avoid the hot spot of the component caused by residual dirt;
2. In order to avoid electric shock damage to the body and possible damage to the components when wiping the components under high temperature and strong light, the cleaning time is in the morning and evening without sunlight;
3. Try to ensure that there are no weeds, trees, and buildings higher than the module in the east, southeast, south, southwest, and west directions of the module. The weeds and trees higher than the module should be trimmed in time to avoid blocking and affecting the module. power generation.
After the component is damaged, the electrical insulation performance is reduced, and there is a risk of leakage and electric shock. It is recommended to replace the component with a new one as soon as possible after the power is cut off.
Photovoltaic module power generation is indeed closely related to weather conditions such as four seasons, day and night, and cloudy or sunny. In rainy weather, although there is no direct sunlight, the power generation of photovoltaic power plants will be relatively low, but it does not stop generating power. Photovoltaic modules still maintain a high conversion efficiency under scattered light or even weak light conditions.
Weather factors cannot be controlled, but doing a good job of maintaining photovoltaic modules in daily life can also increase power generation. After the components are installed and start to generate electricity normally, regular inspections can keep abreast of the operation of the power station, and regular cleaning can remove dust and other dirt on the surface of the components and improve the power generation efficiency of the components.
1. Keep ventilation, regularly check the heat dissipation around the inverter to see if the air can circulate normally, regularly clean up the shields on the components, regularly check whether the brackets and component fasteners are loose, and check whether the cables are exposed Situation and so on.
2. Make sure that there are no weeds, fallen leaves and birds around the power station. Remember not to dry crops, clothes, etc. on the photovoltaic modules. These shelters will not only affect the power generation, but also cause the hot spot effect of the modules, triggering potential safety hazards.
3. It is forbidden to spray water on the components to cool down during the high temperature period. Although this kind of soil method can have a cooling effect, if your power station is not properly waterproofed during design and installation, there may be a risk of electric shock. In addition, the operation of sprinkling water to cool down is equivalent to an "artificial solar rain", which will also reduce the power generation of the power station.
Manual cleaning and cleaning robot can be used in two forms, which are selected according to the characteristics of power station economy and implementation difficulty; attention should be paid to the dust removal process: 1. During the cleaning process of the components, it is forbidden to stand or walk on the components to avoid local force on the components Extrusion; 2. The frequency of module cleaning depends on the accumulation speed of dust and bird droppings on the surface of the module. The power station with less shielding is usually cleaned twice a year. If the shielding is serious, it can be appropriately increased according to economic calculations. 3. Try to choose the morning, evening or cloudy day when the light is weak (irradiance is lower than 200W/㎡) for cleaning; 4. If the glass, backplane or cable of the module is damaged, it should be replaced in time before cleaning to prevent electric shock .
1. Scratches on the backplane of the module will cause water vapor to penetrate into the module and reduce the insulation performance of the module, which poses a serious safety risk;
2. Daily operation and maintenance pay attention to check the abnormality of backplane scratches, find out and deal with them in time;
3. For the scratched components, if the scratches are not deep and do not break through the surface, you can use the backplane repair tape released on the market to repair them. If the scratches are serious, it is recommended to replace them directly.
1. In the process of cleaning the module, it is forbidden to stand or walk on the modules to avoid local extrusion of the modules;
2. The frequency of module cleaning depends on the accumulation speed of blocking objects such as dust and bird droppings on the surface of the module. Power stations with less blocking generally clean twice a year. If the blocking is serious, it can be appropriately increased according to economic calculations.
3. Try to choose morning, evening or cloudy days when the light is weak (irradiance is lower than 200W/㎡) for cleaning;
4. If the glass, backplane or cable of the module is damaged, it should be replaced in time before cleaning to prevent electric shock.
The cleaning water pressure is recommended to be ≤3000pa on the front and ≤1500pa on the back of the module (the back of the double-sided module needs to be cleaned for power generation, and the back of the conventional module is not recommended). ~8 between.
For the dirt that cannot be removed by clean water, you can choose to use some industrial glass cleaners, alcohol, methanol and other solvents according to the type of dirt. It is strictly forbidden to use other chemical substances such as abrasive powder, abrasive cleaning agent, washing cleaning agent, polishing machine, sodium hydroxide, benzene, nitro thinner, strong acid or strong alkali.
Suggestions: (1) Regularly check the cleanliness of the surface of the module (once a month), and regularly clean it with clean water. When cleaning, pay attention to the cleanliness of the surface of the module to avoid hot spots on the module caused by residual dirt. The cleaning time is in the morning and evening when there is no sunlight ; (2) Try to ensure that there are no weeds, trees and buildings higher than the module in the east, southeast, south, southwest and west directions of the module, and trim the weeds and trees higher than the module in time to avoid occlusion Affect the power generation of components.
The increase in power generation of bifacial modules compared with conventional modules depends on the following factors: (1) the reflectivity of the ground (white, bright); (2) the height and inclination of the support; (3) the direct light and scattering of the area where it is located The ratio of light (the sky is very blue or relatively gray); therefore, it should be evaluated according to the actual situation of the power station.
If there is occlusion above the module, there may not be hot spots, it depends on the actual situation of occlusion. It will have an impact on power generation, but the impact is difficult to quantify and requires professional technicians to calculate.
Solutions
Power Station
The current and voltage of PV power plants are affected by temperature, light and other conditions. There are always fluctuations in voltage and current since variations in temperature and light are constant: the higher the temperature is, the lower the voltage is and the higher the current is, and the higher the intensity of light is, the higher the voltage and current are. The modules can operate across a temperature range of -40°C--85°C so the energy yield of the PV power plant will note be affected.
Modules appear blue on the whole because of an anti-reflective film coating on the surfaces of the cells. However, there are certain differences in the color of the modules due to a certain difference in thickness of such films. We have a set of different standard colors, including shallow blue, light blue, medium blue, dark blue and deep blue for modules. Furthermore, the efficiency of PV power generation is associated with the power of modules, and is not influenced by any differences in color.
To keep the plant energy yield optimized, check the cleanliness of the module surfaces monthly and regularly wash them with clean water. Attention should be paid to fully cleaning the surfaces of modules to prevent formation of hotspots on modules caused by residual dirt and soiling, and the cleaning work should be carried out in the morning or at night. Also, don’t allow any vegetation, trees and structures that are taller than the modules on the eastern, southeastern, southern, southwestern and western sides of the array. Timely pruning of any trees and vegetation taller than the modules is recommended to prevent shading and possible impact on the energy yield of the modules (for details, refer to cleaning manual.
The energy yield of a PV power plant depends on many things, including the site weather conditions and all the various components in the system. Under normal service conditions, the energy yield depends mainly on the solar radiation and conditions of installation, which are subject to a greater difference between regions and seasons. In addition, we recommend paying more attention to calculating the annual energy yield of the system rather than focusing on daily yield data.
The so-called complex mountain site features staggered gullies, multiple transitions toward slopes, and complex geological and hydrological conditions. At the beginning of design, the design team must fully consider any possible changes in topography. If not, modules could be obscured from direct sunlight, leading to possible issues during layout and construction.
Mountain PV power generation has certain requirements for terrain and orientation. Generally speaking, it is best to select a flat plot with a south slope (when the slope is less than 35 degrees). If the land has a slope greater than 35 degrees in the south, entailing difficult construction but high energy yield and small array spacing and land area, it may good to reconsider the site selection . The second examples are those sites with southeast slope, southwest slope, east slope, and west slope (where the slope is less than 20 degrees). This orientation has slightly large array spacing and large land area, and it can be considered as long as the slope is not too steep. The last examples are the sites with a shady north slope. This orientation receives limited insolation, small energy yield and large array spacing. Such plots should be used as little as possible. If such plots must be used, it is best to choose sites with a slope of less than 10 degrees.
Mountainous terrain features slopes with different orientations and significant slope variations, and even deep gullies or hills in some areas. Therefore, the support system should be designed as flexibly as possible to improve the adaptability to complex terrain: o Change tall racking to shorter racking. o Use a racking structure which is more adaptable to terrain: single-row pile support with an adjustable column height difference, single-pile fixed support, or tracking support with adjustable elevation angle. o Use long-span pre-stressed cable support, which can help overcome the unevenness between columns.
We offer detailed design and site surveys in the early development stages to reduce the amount of land used.
Eco-friendly PV power plants are environmentally-friendly, grid-friendly and customer-friendly. Compared with conventional power plants, they are superior in economics, performance, technology and emissions.
Residential Distributed
Spontaneous generation and self-use surplus power grid means that the power generated by the distributed photovoltaic power generation system is mainly used by power users themselves, and the excess power is connected to the grid. It is a business model of distributed photovoltaic power generation. For this operating mode, the photovoltaic grid connection point is set at On the load side of the user's meter, it is necessary to add a metering meter for photovoltaic reverse power transmission or set the grid power consumption meter to two-way metering. The photovoltaic power directly consumed by the user himself can directly enjoy the sales price of the power grid in a way of saving electricity. The electricity is measured separately and settled at the prescribed on-grid electricity price.
Distributed photovoltaic power station refers to a power generation system that uses distributed resources, has a small installed capacity, and is arranged near the user. It is generally connected to a power grid with a voltage level of less than 35 kV or lower. It uses photovoltaic modules to directly convert solar energy. for electrical energy. It is a new type of power generation and comprehensive utilization of energy with broad development prospects. It advocates the principles of nearby power generation, nearby grid connection, nearby conversion, and nearby use. It can not only effectively increase the power generation of photovoltaic power plants of the same scale, but also effectively It solves the problem of power loss during boosting and long-distance transportation.
The grid-connected voltage of the distributed photovoltaic system is mainly determined by the installed capacity of the system. The specific grid-connected voltage needs to be determined according to the approval of the grid company's access system. Generally, households use AC220V to connect to the grid, and commercial users can choose AC380V or 10kV to connect to the grid.
The heating and heat preservation of greenhouses have always been a key problem that plagues farmers. Photovoltaic agricultural greenhouses are expected to solve this problem. Due to the high temperature in summer, many types of vegetables cannot grow normally from June to September, and photovoltaic agricultural greenhouses are like adding A spectrometer is installed, which can isolate infrared rays and prevent excessive heat from entering the greenhouse. In winter and night, it can also prevent the infrared light in the greenhouse from radiating outwards, which has the effect of heat preservation. Photovoltaic agricultural greenhouses can supply the power required for lighting in agricultural greenhouses, and the remaining power can also be connected to the grid. In the off-grid photovoltaic greenhouse, it can be deployed with the LED system to block light during the day to ensure the growth of plants and generate electricity at the same time. The night LED system provides lighting using day power. Photovoltaic arrays can also be erected in fish ponds, ponds can continue to raise fish, and photovoltaic arrays can also provide good shelter for fish farming, which better solves the contradiction between the development of new energy and a large amount of land occupation. Therefore, agricultural greenhouses and fish ponds Distributed photovoltaic power generation system can be installed.
Factory buildings in the industrial field: especially in factories with relatively large electricity consumption and relatively expensive online shopping electricity charges, usually the factory buildings have a large roof area and open and flat roofs, which are suitable for installing photovoltaic arrays and due to the large power load, distributed photovoltaic grid-connected systems can It can be consumed locally to offset part of the online shopping power, thereby saving users' electricity bills.
Commercial buildings: The effect is similar to that of industrial parks, the difference is that commercial buildings mostly have cement roofs, which are more conducive to installing photovoltaic arrays, but they often have requirements for the aesthetics of buildings. According to commercial buildings, office buildings, hotels, conference centers, resorts, etc. Due to the characteristics of the service industry, user load characteristics are generally higher during the day and lower at night, which can better match the characteristics of photovoltaic power generation.
Agricultural facilities: There are a large number of available roofs in rural areas, including self-owned houses, vegetable sheds, fish ponds, etc. Rural areas are often at the end of the public power grid, and the power quality is poor. Building distributed photovoltaic systems in rural areas can improve electricity security and power quality.
Municipal and other public buildings: Due to unified management standards, relatively reliable user load and business behavior, and high enthusiasm for installation, municipal and other public buildings are also suitable for centralized and contiguous construction of distributed photovoltaics.
Remote agricultural and pastoral areas and islands: Due to the distance from the power grid, there are still millions of people without electricity in the remote agricultural and pastoral areas, as well as on coastal islands. Off-grid photovoltaic systems or Complementary with other energy sources, the micro-grid power generation system is very suitable for application in these areas.
First, it can be promoted in various buildings and public facilities across the country to form a distributed building photovoltaic power generation system, and use various local buildings and public facilities to establish a distributed power generation system to meet part of the electricity demand of power users and provide high-consumption Enterprises can provide electricity for production;
The second is that it can be promoted in remote areas such as islands and other areas with little electricity and no electricity to form off-grid power generation systems or micro-grids. Due to the gap in economic development levels, there are still some populations in remote areas in my country who have not solved the basic problem of electricity consumption. Grid projects mostly rely on the extension of large power grids, small hydropower, small thermal power and other power supplies. It is extremely difficult to extend the power grid, and the power supply radius is too long, resulting in poor quality of power supply. The development of off-grid distributed power generation can not only solve the problem of power shortage Residents in low-power areas have basic electricity consumption problems, and they can also use local renewable energy cleanly and efficiently, effectively solving the contradiction between energy and the environment.
Distributed photovoltaic power generation includes application forms such as grid-connected, off-grid and multi-energy complementary micro-grids. Grid-connected distributed power generation is mostly used near users. Purchase electricity from the grid when power generation or electricity is insufficient, and sell electricity online when there is excess electricity. Off-grid distributed photovoltaic power generation is mostly used in remote areas and island areas. It is not connected to the large power grid, and uses its own power generation system and energy storage system to directly supply power to the load. The distributed photovoltaic system can also form a multi-energy complementary micro-electric system with other power generation methods, such as water, wind, light, etc., which can be operated independently as a micro-grid or integrated into the grid for network operation.
At present, there are many financial solutions that can meet the needs of different users. Only a small amount of initial investment is required, and the loan is repaid through the income from power generation every year, so that they can enjoy the green life brought by photovoltaics.
